Synonyms
Synonyms are words that have the same or very similar
meaning. All words can have a synonym. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and
prepositions can have a synonym as long as both words are the same part of
speech.
Examples
of Synonyms
Nouns:
House, home, dwelling, residence, abode, quarters
Verbs: jump,
bound, leap, hop, skip
Prepositions: in, inside, within
Antonyms
Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. For example,
the antonym of long is short. Often words will have more than one antonym but as
with synonyms it depends on the context. For instance, the word warm could have
the antonym cool or chilly. In order to choose the correct antonym, you have to
look at all the meanings and how the word is used. Cool can mean stylish as
well as chilly so the word cool may not be the best choice.
Types
of Antonyms
1. Graded antonyms are word pairs that have
variations between the two opposites. For example, big and little are antonyms
but there are a lot of changes before you get to the opposite meaning. Like
this:
Big, huge, bulky, full-size, slight, petite, little Other
examples are:
a. Sane and crazy
b. Rich and poor
c. Cool and hot
d. Wet and dry
e. Late and early
f. Ignorant and educated
2. Relational antonyms are pairs that have a
relationship. Each word wouldn’t exist without the other. There can’t be a
parent without a child or it’s either all or nothing. Other examples include:
a. Servant and master
b. Borrow and lend
c. Come and go
d. Toward and away
e. Divisor and dividend
f. Parent and child
3. Complimentary antonyms are word pairs that have no
degree of meaning. There are only two opposite possibilities. Example :
a. Leave and arrive
b. Pre and post
c. Question and answer
d. Single and married
e. Hired and fired
f. Brother and sister
g. Before and after
4. Adding a Prefix
Sometimes, an antonym can be easily
made by adding a prefix.
Examples of antonyms that were made by adding the prefix “un” are:
Examples of antonyms that were made by adding the prefix “un” are:
a.
Likely and unlike
b. Able and unable
By adding the prefix “non” you can
make these pairs:
b. Conformist and nonconformist
Lastly, adding the prefix “in” can
make the following pairs:
a.
Tolerant and intolerant
b. Decent and indecent
c.
Discreet and indiscreet
d. Excusable and inexcusable
Homonym
Is the state or phenomenon that shows the relationship
between more general term, ( lexical representation) and the more
specific instances for it.
Two or more words
that have the same sound or spelling but differ in meaning. Generally, the term homonym refers
both to homophones (words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings, such as pair and pear)
and to homographs (words that are spelled the same but have
different meanings, such as "bow your head" and
"tied in a bow").
The example :
clarinet,
guitar, piano, trumpet, violin, are hyponyms because they are " musical
instruments " but there is not a single word meaning " musical
instrument " that has these words as its hyponyms
Accordingly homonym divided into two :
1. Homophone
Homophone is a words that are pronounced the
same but have different meanings. Example:
§ patience/patients
§ some/sum
§ knap/nap
§ knead/kneed/need
§ knead/kneed/need
§ knight/night
§ desert /dessert
2. Homograph
Homographs
are words with different pronunciation, meanings and origins but the same
spelling.
Example
:
§ wave – move the hand
in greeting OR sea water coming into shore
§ wound – past tense of
wind OR to injure
§ fine
- very good/sharp or keen/delicate or subtle/a sum of money paid to settle a
matter
§ refuse
- waste or garbage/to reject or decline to accept
§ contract
- an agreement/to get, acquire or incur
§ learned
– past tense of learn OR knowledgeable
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